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Effectiveness of biodiversity management
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryBiodiversity Effectiveness of management Management statusNew technologies, solutions and innovationsAssessing the effectiveness of biodiversity managementManagement initiatives and investmentsManagement capacityManagement...
Pressures affecting biodiversity
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryBiodiversity Pressures Pressures facing aquatic ecosystemsChanged hydrologyAltered fire regimesPest species and pathogensPressures from livestock productionUrban developmentPollutionGlobal climate change and climate...
ATM36a Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities
2016 Grapha) maximum 4-hour averages Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities MelbourneSydneyBrisbanePerthCanberra 19990.0680.082750.0953333330.080.063...
Figure ATM36b Ozone concentrations, major cities, 1999–2014: a) maximum 4-hour averages; b) 95th percentile 4-hour averages
2016 Graphb) 95th percentile 4-hour averages Annual average 95th percentile 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities Annual average 95th percentile 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities MelbourneSydneyBrisbanePerthCanberra 19990.04450....
Changing land use and management
2016 Report Content2016 Inland water Pressures Tasmania Great Barrier Reef Land use and land management can produce pressures on aquatic environments that include changes to flow, water...
Pressures on the marine environment
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Pressures Antarctica The water chemistry of the Southern Ocean appears to be changing at a faster rate than previously estimated, particularly in the deep ocean...
State and trends of Australia’s air quality 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glance Since 1998, Australia has had national ambient air quality standards (National Environment Protection Measure for Ambient Air Quality—Air NEPM), which set guideline levels for 7 key air pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter (less than 10 ...
Effectiveness of management 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceAustralia has had national standards and goals for ambient air quality for almost 20 years—the National Environment Protection Measure for Ambient Air Quality (Air NEPM). These are based on strong empirical evidence about the health impacts of major pollutants. However, revision...
Resilience of Australia’s air quality 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceThe frequency, duration and severity of episodes of poor air quality in urban centres are influenced by short-term meteorological conditions, in combination with local topography and/or atypical emissions. Air quality is usually restored to acceptable levels once the immediate...
Risks to Australia’s air quality 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceDuring the past 50 years or so since the first clean air Acts were introduced in Australian jurisdictions, state and territory environment protection agencies (often working together with local government) have successfully employed regulatory and nonregulatory measures to greatly...
Introduction 2016
2016 At a glanceGood air quality is essential for human health and the environment. Air quality is an important contributor to quality of life, and plays a role in the livability of our towns, cities and environment. Ambient air quality is determined by the types and amounts of pollutants emitted into the...
Health impacts of air pollution
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Introduction South East Coast Greater Melbourne The major aim of monitoring and reducing air pollution is to reduce its adverse impacts on human...
Ambient air quality: 2011–16 in context
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Introduction South East Coast Overall, the pressures on air quality remain very similar to those present in 2011: a growing population, greater urban density and...
Pollution types
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Pollutants occur as gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, VOCs such as benzene and formaldehyde) and PM. In air pollution, PM refers to solid and...
Pollution sources
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Greater Melbourne Greater Sydney Pollution sources are often characterised as anthropogenic (i.e. human-made), biogenic (i.e. natural...
Motor vehicles
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Motor vehicles emit a wide range of pollutants from their tailpipes, and are a major source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (e.g. Figure ATM30). These are supplemented by...
Domestic wood heaters
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Murray Darling Tasmania Australian Capital Territory East Coast Greater Sydney...
Commercial and other domestic sources
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Emissions from commercial and domestic sources (domestic wood heaters are considered separately) exert pressure on local air quality and on airshed quality. Domestic sources, for...
Prescribed burning and bushfires
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Both prescribed burns and bushfires emit smoke plumes, which are visible because of the PM they contain. The smoke is the product of incomplete combustion. Fire emissions rates are...
Nonregulated diesel engines, including shipping and nonroad transport
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Murray Darling Greater Sydney Nonroad diesel engines and equipment are used in a wide variety of applications, including rail...
Climate change
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Climate change may also have a significant effect on air pollution. Warming and drying of the climate are projected to lead to an increase in extreme fire-danger days in southern and...
National air quality standards
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality State and trends The NEPC established national ambient air quality standards in 1998 as part of the National Environment Protection Measure for Ambient Air Quality (Air NEPM). The Air NEPM sets...
Air quality index
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality State and trends In a number of states, the agency responsible for monitoring air quality reports results at each station in its network in terms of an air quality index (AQI; Box ATM10) for...
Carbon monoxide
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality State and trends Carbon monoxide is not discussed in SoE 2016, because there has been little change since the 2011 report. Please refer to SoE 2011 for information on carbon monoxide.
Nitrogen dioxide
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality State and trends Greater Sydney The major source of nitrogen dioxide in Australia is burning of the fossil fuels coal, oil and gas. In cities, the predominant source is...
Coarse particulate matter (PM10)
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality State and trends Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin Greater Hobart Greater Adelaide Australian...
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality State and trends Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin Greater Hobart Greater Adelaide Australian...
