Effectiveness of Antarctic management 2016 At a glance Antarctica is governed through the international agreements of the Antarctic Treaty System, including the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the ...

Executive Summary - Antarctic environment This report mainly focuses on the environment of areas administered by Australia (the Australian Antarctic Territory, and the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands), ... through the international agreements of the Antarctic Treaty System, in which Australia is a leading participant. Although relatively ...

Risks to the Antarctic environment 2016 At a glance As for other regions, distant ... activities are banned indefinitely in the Antarctic Treaty area through the Madrid Protocol. The Madrid Protocol and CCAMLR have so far ...

The Antarctic Treaty System is the primary international governance framework for the ... obligations for all activities in the Antarctic Treaty area. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ...

Resilience of the Antarctic environment 2016 At a glance Although organisms living in ... and to predict how future climate change will affect Antarctic ecosystems. This is largely because our understanding of key ... and living environments of Antarctica is climate change. The Antarctic and Southern Ocean physical environments are key components of the ...

State and trends of the Antarctic cryosphere State and trends of the Antarctic cryosphere The physical environment: The cryosphere From November ... Islands glaciers have retreated since 1947: total glacier area decreased from 288 km 2 in 1947 to 231 km 2 in 2008 Rising temperatures ...

... later and considered a valuable part of Australia’s Antarctic heritage. Pressures on Antarctic historic heritage Pressures on ... all elements of the cultural environment in a remote area where access is extremely limited ( Vincent & Grinbergs 2002 , Lazer 2006 ...

Pressures affecting the Antarctic environment 2016 At a glance The climate of Antarctica is ... in the 1950s, parts of West Antarctica—particularly the Antarctic Peninsula region—have warmed. In East Antarctica, where Australia ... it only ever used to snow. These events are changing the Antarctic environment and may affect the biodiversity that has developed under ...

Since 2011, the Antarctic environment has continued to respond to global pressures from human ... of the globe, long-term trends in characteristics of the Antarctic physical environment are emerging against a backdrop of intrinsic ... (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation—influence the Antarctic region across seasonal to decadal timescales. In general, in situ ...

State and trends of Antarctic and subantarctic vertebrates State and trends of Antarctic and subantarctic vertebrates The living environment: Vertebrate ... The geographic distribution and species composition of Antarctic fish are reasonably well understood, however, estimates of abundance ...

... processes contribute to the overall management of the Antarctic region, including the framework for protected areas, as well as ... aesthetic or wilderness values. The parties to the Antarctic Treaty have developed guidelines for assessing areas suitable as ASPAs and ...

... actively participate in the international forums of the Antarctic Treaty System to promote improved environmental protection and conservation ...

... are no truly permanent human populations. Australian Antarctic Program’s station environment: Contaminated sites and pollution ... fuel from Davis Station to a nearby aircraft ski-landing area. The load became unstable and, for the safety of the aircraft and ...

... and unique biodiversity values associated with tropical and Antarctic waters, from the shoreline to the abyss. The outer boundary of ... has been set aside for up to 50 years under the 2006 Treaty between Australia and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste on Certain ...