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Increased extreme weather events
2016 Report Content... natural disasters and epidemics in Australia, 1890–2013 Event Bushfire and urban fire Cyclone Earthquake Epidemic Flood Hail, severe ...
Since 2011, the coast has experienced several extreme weather events, including cyclones, heatwaves and floods. Climate-related pressures of sea level rise, more frequent...
2016 Key Finding2016Since 2011, the coast has experienced several extreme weather events, including cyclones, heatwaves and floods. Climate-related pressures of sea level rise, more frequent severe storms, and subsequent erosion and recession of the shoreline are expected to become increasingly significant...
Water quality
2016 Report Content... quality that has gained attention in recent years is that of blackwater events, including investigation of drivers and effects on aquatic ... J (2012). Short-term effects of a prolonged blackwater event on aquatic fauna in the Murray River, Australia: considerations for ...
Climate extremes have resulted in widespread coral bleaching, habitat destruction and species mortalities in the past 5 years
2016 Key Finding... marine environments. Also associated with that La Niña event, cyclone
Yasi
, the strongest cyclone to make landfall in ... Barrier Reef in 2011. In 2015–16, the strongest El Niño event since 1998, superimposed on overall increasing water temperatures, ...
Risks to the built environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceExtreme weather and natural events are considered the largest risks to the built environment. The likelihood of occurrence of these events is considered ‘almost certain’, with the impacts variable, depending on the risk. Despite the assessment that the built environment is quite...
Box HER32 World Parks Congress 2014
2016 Case Study... agenda for protected areas. The congress was the largest event of its kind, bringing together people from all walks of life—rangers, ... the secretariat that helped deliver this international event. Business Events Sydney estimated that the value of the event exceeded ...
Ecological processes and species populations
2016 Report Content... reflect recovery of fish populations after a significant blackwater event in 2011. Stygofauna Little is known at a national level about state and ...
State and trends of Australia’s climate 2016
2016 , At a glance... and south-western Australia. The strong El Niño event of 2015–16 further reinforced these dry conditions across large parts ...
Australia’s marine environment is influenced by the cycles of several natural climate phenomena, including the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole and the Southern Annular Mode
2016 Key Finding2016 Variability in the phases of these climate phenomena change rainfall patterns, sea surface temperatures, surface winds and oceanic currents. These changes can influence the degree of vertical mixing through the water column and the relative location of cyclone events. Simultaneous...
Anthropogenic ocean warming and ocean acidification, superimposed on natural climate variations, pose risks to Australia’s marine ecosystems and their habitats, communities and species groups
2016 Key Finding2016Sea surface temperatures are continuing to increase, with surface ocean warming during the 21st century occurring at approximately 7 times the rate observed during the 20th century. The frequency of extreme sea surface temperature events has increased. Rising summer ocean temperatures...
Population and climate change are the biggest pressures on air quality
2016 Key Finding2016 The population of Australia’s major cities will continue to grow, meaning that human activity, and consequent power and transport requirements, will increase. This will increase air pollution. Climate change also plays a role in air pollution. The increasing prevalence of extreme...
Reducing fine particles in the atmosphere is our next major challenge
2016 Key Finding2016 Particulate matter has been identified as a significant hazard to human health. Levels of PM10 now rarely exceed the national standard. However, the standard for fine particles (PM2.5)—which, until 2016, was an advisory limit only—is frequently exceeded because of events such as...
Some historical pressures on the marine environment are decreasing because of the implementation of sustainable management measures and new regulatory schemes
2016 Key Finding2016 Management measures aimed at the sustainable development of commercial fisheries implemented during the past decade have decreased the number of fish stocks classified as overfished. Of 53 countries (making up 95 per cent of global commercial fisheries catches) assessed on the basis...
Pressures affecting livability and the environmental efficiency of the built environment will differ, depending on geographic location and population size
2016 Key Finding2016 Australia’s built environment is diverse, ranging from large, highly urbanised centres—such as Sydney and Melbourne, which together accommodate 40 per cent of the Australian population—to small, remote communities. The geographic location of our cities can affect amenities such as...
Risks to inland water environments 2016
2016 At a glance... water infrastructure development Minor chemical pollution event Not considered
Likely
Invasive aquatic pest animal damage Major ... Not considered
Possible
Major chemical pollution event Extensive disease outbreak for multiple aquatic species Not considered ...
Resilience of the built environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceFor the built environment, resilience refers to the capacity of the built environment to retain or recover its structure, functions and amenity after experiencing shocks. Historically, Australian cities have coped reasonably well with disaster events such as storms or floods, and...
Resilience of the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceAlthough organisms living in Antarctica have evolved to cope with severe events, it is challenging to measure their level of resilience and to predict how future climate change will affect Antarctic ecosystems. This is largely because our understanding of key parameters is still...
Box ATM8 Future air quality in Victoria project
2016 , Case StudyWork from CSIRO and the Victorian Environment Protection Authority forecasted what air quality in Victoria might be like in the year 2030 (EPA Vic 2013). The project investigated changes between the base year–2006–and 2030, including predicting how the Victorian emissions might...
Figure BLT16 Estimated annual average number of heat-related deaths, selected capital cities, 2007, 2020 and 2050
2016 GraphEstimated annual average number of heat-related deaths, selected capital cities and states, 2007, 2020, 2050 Estimated annual average number of heat-related deaths, selected capital cities and states, 2007, 2020, 2050 Year 2007Year 2020Year 2050...
Risks to Australia’s climate 2016
2016 , At a glanceAt a glanceAn understanding of the risks associated with Australia’s climate will lead to improved action plans to adapt to the changes predicted to occur. Our climate is a dynamic system; therefore, the risks need to be re-evaluated frequently. Recent climate change projections for...
Risks to heritage 2016
2016 At a glance... may not be easily mitigated, and instead may require post-event response. Events such as the removal of statutory protection or ... events, cannot readily be mitigated, other than by post-event response and pre-event recording of values, and more generally by ...
Pressures affecting the coastal environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glancePressures on the coastal zone are strongly related to catchment land use and development. In urban areas, the intensity of pressures is generally correlated with human population densities. Australia has continued to increase in population since the 2011 state of the environment...
National air quality standards
2016 , Report Content... of 5 days per year was replaced by an ‘exceptional event rule’. An exceptional event is a fire or dust occurrence that adversely affects air quality at a ...
Pressures affecting the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceThe climate of Antarctica is changing. Compared with conditions prevailing in the 1950s, parts of West Antarctica—particularly the Antarctic Peninsula region—have warmed. In East Antarctica, where Australia operates, temperatures have also increased, but to a lesser extent. Across...
Overview of resilience of the built environment
2016 Report Content2016 Built environment Resilience Because climate-related and weather-related risks have always been present, governments and private parties have fairly well-established institutional, governance and policy frameworks...
Overview of resilience of heritage
2016 Report Content2016 Heritage Resilience Given that values are what distinguish heritage places from other places, the resilience of heritage places may be understood as their ability to experience shocks while retaining their...
Overview of resilience of the antarctic environment
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Resilience Antarctica Natural disturbances are part of life in Antarctic ecosystems, and the native species can generally survive shock events because they have...
Climate change
2016 , Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Climate change may also have a significant effect on air pollution. Warming and drying of the climate are projected to lead to an increase in extreme fire-danger days in southern and...
Pressures affecting the built environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceA range of pressures on the built environment have a high or very high impact on livability, human health and/or urban environmental efficiency. Pressures from a growing population have a high impact on the urban footprint, because of a lack of coordinated and integrated urban...
Box BIO9 The letter-winged kite
2016 Case StudyAustralia is a country of boom and bust, and the previous state of the environment report in 2011 predicted that the extensive rainfall and floods in Australia in 2010–11 would lead to positive animal responses. However, the 2010–11 big wet in arid Australia did not see some...
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