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Executive summary - Drivers
2016 Executive Summary2016Globally, the human-caused drivers of change to the environment are demographic, economic, socio-political, scientific, technological, cultural and religious. In Australia, the key drivers of environmental change are population and economic activity. The extent to which these drivers...
Drivers of environmental change
2016 Report ContentDrivers: 2011–16 in context
2016 Report ContentDrivers influencing the marine environment
2016 Report ContentMitigating the drivers of environmental change
2016 Report Content2016 Since the first SoE report in 1996, a great deal of effort has been focused on improving environment-related policies and associated management actions. However, these are often focused on reducing pressures on the environment. For example, Australia’s regulatory regime...
Economic activity as a driver of environmental change
2016 Report Content2016 The production of goods and services requires energy and materials—metals, minerals, water, food and fibre—all of which come from the environment. The impacts of resource extraction, production, transport, use and waste generation are central to how economic activity affects...
Population as a driver of environmental change
2016 Report Content2016 Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin Greater Hobart Greater Adelaide Greater Melbourne Greater Perth Greater Sydney...
Effectiveness of management for specific pressures and drivers
2016 Report ContentAustralia’s environment is shaped by both legacy impacts and contemporary drivers
2016 Key Finding2016Australian species and habitats have been shaped by natural drivers of change, and have been influenced by Indigenous management of land, water and sea for tens of thousands of years. More recently, European settlement in Australia has driven several changes to our environment. Some of...
Introduction
2016 At a glanceDrivers are the underlying natural and human-caused forces that generate the pressures on the environment. Natural drivers of environmental change include changes in Earth’s orbit, and variation in the amount of solar energy and volcanic eruptions. The human-caused drivers of change to the...
Figure ATM16 Annual change in total emissions from underlying drivers, 1992–2014
2016 GraphAnnual change in total emissions from underlying drivers, 1992–2014 Annual change in total emissions from underlying drivers, 1992–2014 PopulationGross domestic product per personEnergy intensityCarbon intensity of energy supplyAgriculture; land use; land-use...
Figure ATM3 Radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750, and aggregated uncertainties for the main drivers of climate change
2016 GraphRadiative forcing for the main drivers of climate change, and total radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750 Radiative forcing for the main drivers of climate change, and total radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750 Radiative forcingaerosols positive upper...
Figure ATM14 Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes and product use, and underlying drivers, 1990–2014
2016 GraphCarbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes and product use and underlying drivers, 1990–2014 Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes and product use and underlying drivers, 1990–2014 Fuel combustion,...
Figure ATM15 Annual change in carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes and product use, and underlying drivers, 1992–2014
2016 GraphAnnual change in carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes and product use, and underlying drivers, 1992–2014 Annual change in carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes and product use, and underlying drivers, 1992...
Australia is developing creative approaches to reducing impacts on the environment
2016 Key Finding2016The effects of drivers are mediated by processes including the policies, culture and technology that we bring to bear on our use of the environment. With the expected increase in population and associated growth of the economy, Australia is continuing to invest in innovative ways to...
Outlook
2016 At a glanceIn general, the outlook for Australia’s environment depends on our ability to effectively address the complex mix of drivers, pressures and risks discussed in this report. This mix can be addressed through: leadership effective engagement of the community and private sector continued...
Executive summary - Overview
2016 Executive Summary2016In the past 5 years (2011–16), environmental policies and management practices in Australia have achieved improvements in the state and trends of parts of the Australian environment. Australia’s built environment, natural and cultural heritage, and marine and Antarctic environments are...
Effects of increased greenhouse gases
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures The growing concentrations of human-generated GHGs have resulted in an increased absorption, largely in the lower atmosphere, of the heat radiated from Earth’s surface, causing an increase in the...
Trends in emissions
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures Greater Melbourne Greater Sydney Absolute aggregate emissions Between 1990 and 2015, Australia’s national GHG inventory suggested that emissions...
Pressures affecting inland water environments 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceOverall, the key pressures affecting inland water environments have changed little since 2011, with climatic and pest-based pressures increasing, land-use and management pressures remaining largely stable, and some stabilisation occurring in the pressure of water resources...
Pressures affecting heritage 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceThe drivers of the condition of Australia’s environment (including heritage) are both historical and contemporary. Historical pressures, such as a legacy of land clearing and changes in land use, cannot be addressed through short-term management. Other pressures, such as rising...
Pressures affecting Australia’s air quality 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceAustralian ambient air quality is mostly affected by increasing human activity and climate change. The population of Australia’s major cities continues to increase, with both increasing urban density and expanding boundaries. The corresponding increase in emissions from transport...
Pressures affecting the built environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceA range of pressures on the built environment have a high or very high impact on livability, human health and/or urban environmental efficiency. Pressures from a growing population have a high impact on the urban footprint, because of a lack of coordinated and integrated urban...
In general, the outlook for Australia’s environment depends on our ability to effectively address the complex mix of drivers, pressures and risks. This includes decoupling the economy from environmental harm...
2016 Key Finding2016In general, the outlook for Australia’s environment depends on our ability to effectively address the complex mix of drivers, pressures and risks. This includes decoupling the economy from environmental harm, and mitigating and adapting to climate change.
Value chain for fresh and processed food in Australia 2012-13: Farm and fish food production
2016 GraphFarm and fish food production Farm and fish food production Percentageofindustryproduction Grains and oilseeds33 Meat31 Fruit and vegetables18 Milk10 Seafood5 Other3 Source: Department of Agriculture (2014) Economic...
Value chain for fresh and processed food in Australia 2012-13: Retail food sales
2016 GraphRetail food sales Retail food sales Percentageofretailfoodsales Supermarkets and grocery stores62 Cafes and restaurants14 Takeaway outlets10 Liquor retailing7 Other food7 Source: Department of Agriculture (2014) Economic...
Value chain for fresh and processed food in Australia 2012-13: Export revenue from farm and fish food and food and beverage
2016 GraphValue of food exports Value of food exports Percentage of industry exports Grains35 Meat24 Dairy products7 Wine6 Seafood3 Other25 Source: Department of Agriculture (2014) Economic activity as a driver of environmental...
Value chain for fresh and processed food in Australia 2012-13: Import costs to food and beverage and retail food processing and sales
2016 GraphValue of food exports Value of food exports Percentageofindustryimports Beverages20 Horticulture17 Seafood13 Dairy6 Other44 Source: Department of Agriculture (2014) Economic activity as a driver of environmental change
Pressures affecting the land environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceAlthough a changing climate has shaped the Australian landscape and its vegetation, the current rate of climate change is likely to result in changes in the distribution and composition of vegetation communities. Some communities are likely to disappear, and others will be...
Energy decoupling in Australia, 2009–10 to 2013–14
2016 GraphEnergy decoupling in Australia, 2009–10 to 2013–14 Energy decoupling in Australia, 2009–10 to 2013–14 ExportsNet energy useGross domestic product 2009-10116.3116.3123.7 2010-11112.4113126.7 2011-12115118.7131.3 2012-13130.8131134.5 2013-14133126.8137....
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