Australia State of the Environment Report

Report Content

... ( Fretwell et al. 2013 , Vaughan et al. 2013 ). Global importance of Antarctica Global importance of Antarctica Marine South West Marine South East ... ocean basins (Atlantic, Pacific and Indian) and creates a global circulation system that is largely driven by the Antarctic Circumpolar ...

Global climate change and climate variability

2016

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... state and territory SoE reports note the adverse effects of global climate change on biodiversity. These increasingly include extreme ... dramatic habitat loss and possibly direct mortality. Global climate change and climate variability Global climate change and ...

Figure BIO1 Global biodiversity hotspots and World Heritage Areas in Australia

2016

Map

Figure BIO1 Global biodiversity hotspots and World Heritage Areas in Australia Figure BIO1 Global biodiversity hotspots and World Heritage Areas in Australia Interact ... Department of the Environment and Energy Figure BIO1 Global biodiversity hotspots and natural value World Heritage Areas in ...

Box ATM5 Cape Grim: monitoring the health of the global atmosphere for 40 years

2016

Case Study

... (Cape Grim BAPS), established in 1976 to monitor and study global atmospheric composition for trends as a result of human activities and ... 3 premier stations of the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmospheric Watch Program. Located on the north-west tip of Tasmania, ...

Figure ATM24 Global surface air temperature changes, 2071–2100, relative to 1981–2010, using a low-emissions to moderate-emissions scenario

2016

Map

Figure ATM24 Global surface air temperature changes, 2071–2100, relative to 1981–2010, ... with map Download as png Download dataset Figure ATM24 Global surface air temperature changes, 2071–2100, relative to 1981–2010, ...

Global sea levels continue to rise, although patterns of sea level change across the Southern Ocean are variable because of regional differences in heat uptake and transport. The Southern Ocean continues to become warmer

2016

Key Finding

Global sea levels continue to rise, although patterns of sea level change ... The Southern Ocean continues to become warmer Global sea levels are rising, but regional patterns and rates of change are ... 1950s. This rate of warming is faster than elsewhere in the global ocean. Warmer waters enable species to extend their range southwards. ...

Figure ANT6 Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes derived from AGAGE global measurements of all major ozone-depleting substances and World Meteorological Organization 2014 scenarios

2016

Graph

... and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes derived from AGAGE global measurements of all major ozone-depleting substances and World ... 2104 1.720900112 2105 1.708947807 AGAGE = Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment; WMO = World Meteorological Organization ...

Australian Antarctic Program’s station environment: Contaminated sites and pollution

2016

Report Content

... to the polar regions through a process known as ‘global distillation’. This process occurs when volatile chemicals evaporate in the ...

Approach - Antarctic environment 2016

2016

Report Content

2016 Antarctic environment Generally, limited data are available to assess many aspects of the Antarctic environment. This is largely a consequence of the remoteness and sparse habitation of the region. Specific information is available to assess...

Antarctica is warming, although changes in atmospheric circulation brought about by the Antarctic ozone hole have been a temporary mitigating factor that has reduced the overall amount of warming, primarily in summer

2016

Key Finding

... Antarctica. For the remainder of the century, the effects of global climate change because of increased greenhouse gas concentrations are ...

Sustained ocean monitoring

2016

Marine environment

Outlook

Report Content

... Data Network . Australian scientists are key contributors to global marine data collection, verification and analysis. This provides Australia with access to global infrastructure, data streams and expertise that would otherwise be ...

Emissions continue to contribute to climate change

2016

Key Finding

... The recent Paris Agreement aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, ...

Some historical pressures on the marine environment are decreasing because of the implementation of sustainable management measures and new regulatory schemes

2016

Marine environment

Key Finding

... as overfished. Of 53 countries (making up 95 per cent of global commercial fisheries catches) assessed on the basis of 14 indicators of ...

Acronyms and abbreviations 2016

2016

Coasts

At a glance

... Conservation Act 1999 GDP gross domestic product GPS global positioning system ICOLLs intermittently closed and open lakes and ...

Risks to the land environment 2016

2016

Land

Risks

At a glance

... not fully understood or anticipated. CSIRO’s assessment of global megatrends ( Hajkowicz et al. 2012 )—the significant shifts in ... should be especially aware of the increasing demand that a global population has for energy, food, water and mineral resources, and the ...

State and trends of the terrestrial environment of Macquarie Island

2016, 2011

Assessment summary

... Terrestrial and Limnetic Ecosystems Antarctica as a Global , 40 SRC - GoogleScholar, 1501-11. Huiskes et al., 2006 Huiskes, A., ... Terrestrial and Limnetic Ecosystems, Antarctica as a Global Indicator.. In: Bergstrom DM, H. A. (ed.) The Antarctic: Local ...

In this report

2016

Land

Report Content

... globally on land use ( UNEP 2016 ). Stated simply, a growing global population requires increases in food production and extraction of the ...

Effects of increased greenhouse gases

2016

Report Content

... radiated from Earth’s surface, causing an increase in the global (land and ocean) mean surface temperature of 0.85 ± 0.20 °C from ... not occur evenly across the century—for example, average global temperatures did not increase between 1880 and 1910, or between 1940 and ...

Importance of biodiversity

2016

Report Content

... The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005 was the first global effort to examine links between human wellbeing and biodiversity . The ... services—such as spiritual and recreational benefits. Global importance Australia is renowned for its globally distinct ecosystems, ...

Climate: 2011–16 in context

2016

Report Content

As reported in SoE 2011, climate change continues to be a global problem. A major development since the 2011 report has been international cooperation to address the global issue, with 195 countries, including Australia, agreeing to the Paris ...

Risks

2016

Risks

At a glance

... of the Paris Agreement is successful in limiting global warming to less than 2 °C. Holding global warming to below 2 °C would require reducing global greenhouse emissions by 40–70 per cent by 2050 compared with 2010 ...

Overview of effectiveness of management of the atmosphere

2016

Report Content

... development in international cooperation to address the global issue of climate change, with 194 countries, including Australia, ... 2016. This agreement aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and ...

Box BIO20 The Bitterns in Rice Project—a crowdfunded satellite tracking program

2016

Case Study

... between 500 and 1000 bitterns—at least one quarter of the global population—arrives in the rice crops around 2 months after sowing. A ... between 500 and 1000 bitterns—at least one quarter of the global population—arrives in the rice crops around 2 months after sowing. A ...

Box LAN3 Bees—pressures and impacts

2016

Land

Case Study

Australia has an estimated 2500 species of native bee (Batley...

Pressures affecting Antarctic fisheries

2016, 2011

Assessment summary

... and resources of key actors in the Southern Ocean. Global Environmental Change , 23: 948-56. Flores et al. 2012 Flores H, ... & Bodin 2012 Österblom H & Bodin Ö (2012). Global cooperation among diverse organizations to reduce illegal fishing in the ...

State and trends of the Southern Ocean

2016, 2011

Assessment summary

... & Johnson 2010 Purkey SG & Johnson GC (2010). Warming of global abyssal and deep Southern Ocean waters between the 1990s and 2000s: contributions to global heat and sea level rise budgets. Journal of Climate 23(23):6336–6351. ...

Mitigating the drivers of environmental change

2016 Report Content

... factors beyond our borders, including globalisation and: the global climate system, ocean currents and eddies the actions of other countries ... common subregional and regional environmental issues. At a global scale, nations are coming together to address climate change. Further ...

Antarctic environment: 2011–16 in context

2016

Report Content

... 2011, the Antarctic environment has continued to respond to global pressures from human activity. As is the case in other regions of the ... 2011, the Antarctic environment has continued to respond to global pressures from human activity. As is the case in other regions of the ...

Effectiveness of management 2016

2016

At a glance

... of management 2016 At a glance Climate change is a global problem that will require coordinated international action by all ... Australia) have agreed, aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and ...

Escalation of existing pressures

2016