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State and trends of the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceThe physical and chemical components of the Antarctic environment are changing. The Antarctic surface and lower atmosphere are warming, with the strongest temperature increases in the Antarctic Peninsula region and West Antarctica. Part of the warming is because of global...
There is increasing evidence that the ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international controls on the use of human-made ozone depleting substances.
2016 Key Finding2016There is increasing evidence that the ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international controls on the use of human-made ozone depleting substances.
Figure ANT6 Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes derived from AGAGE global measurements of all major ozone-depleting substances and World Meteorological Organization 2014 scenarios
2016 GraphAverage equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for October, Antarctica, 1970–2105 Average equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for October, Antarctica, 1970–2105 World Meteorological Organization 2014 scenariosAGAGE Antarctic measures of major ozone...
State and trends of the Antarctic atmosphere
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryAntarctic environment State and trends The physical environment: The atmosphere—climate and weather patterns Antarctica...
Antarctica is warming, although changes in atmospheric circulation brought about by the Antarctic ozone hole have been a temporary mitigating factor that has reduced the overall amount of warming, primarily in summer
2016 Key Finding2016During the past half-century, western Antarctic surface temperatures have shown general warming trends, with significant regional patterns. Cooling of the lower stratosphere because of ozone depletion in spring and early summer has helped to mitigate the amount of warming during the...
Effectiveness of management for specific pressures and drivers
2016 Report Content2016 Effectiveness of management Earlier, we noted that the complex and dynamic relationships between drivers, pressures, ecosystems and humans call for policies and management actions that address both drivers and pressures. In many cases, the most...
The physical environment: The atmosphere—climate and weather patterns
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica The physical environment includes both the nonliving factors that characterise an ecosystem (e.g. weather patterns, ice coverage, the...
Human influences on Antarctica
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Pressures Antarctica As detailed in the Drivers report, the key drivers of environmental change are population and economic growth. Antarctica, as the only continent...
Overview of state and trends of the Antarctic environment
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica What has changed since 2011? Antarctic sea ice has shown a general increase in overall extent, but some areas are showing rapid decline....
Antarctic environment: 2011–16 in context
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Introduction Antarctica Since 2011, the Antarctic environment has continued to respond to global pressures from human activity. As is the case in other regions of the...
Executive Summary - Antarctic environment
2016 Executive SummaryAntarctic environment 2016This report mainly focuses on the environment of areas administered by Australia (the Australian Antarctic Territory, and the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands), subantarctic Macquarie Island (which is part of Tasmania)...
Outlook for the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceCurrently, the Antarctic environment is still in a comparatively good condition. However, the pressures on the continent and the surrounding ocean will increase. For example, the extraction of marine resources is not only going to continue but will intensify in the future. Most...
Planning and strategy
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Effectiveness of management South Coast An important role of government is to develop effective policies, implemented through supporting strategies and plans. Emissions...
Australia’s emissions in context
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin Greater Hobart Greater Melbourne Although Australia’s emissions in...
The physical environment: The Southern Ocean
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean is changing in ways that are likely to affect regional and global climate, and marine productivity (...
Increases in greenhouse gases
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures Tasmania Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin Greater Hobart Greater Melbourne...
Understanding and research
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Effectiveness of management Tasmania Greater Melbourne In the 5 years since SoE 2011, international climate science has advanced significantly. The IPCC,...
Box ATM5 Cape Grim: monitoring the health of the global atmosphere for 40 years
2016 Case Study... made of all significant greenhouse gases, ozone depleting substances, aerosols including black carbon, reactive gases ...
Pressures on the marine environment
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Pressures Antarctica The water chemistry of the Southern Ocean appears to be changing at a faster rate than previously estimated, particularly in the deep ocean...
The physical environment: The cryosphere
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica The physical environment includes both the nonliving factors that characterise an ecosystem (e.g. weather patterns, ice coverage, the...
Pressures affecting the Antarctic terrestrial environment
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryAntarctic environment Pressures Pressures on the terrestrial environment Antarctica Year...
State and trends of the Southern Ocean
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryAntarctic environment State and trends The physical environment: The Southern Ocean Antarctica...
Effectiveness of atmospheric management
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryAmbient air quality Effectiveness of management Management of sources of pollutionManagement frameworkIndoor air quality...
Box ATM12 Persistent organic pollutants in Australian air
2016 Case Study... to phase 1 of the National Monitoring of Hazardous Substances in Air Program supported by the Australian ... at all sites in the National Monitoring of Hazardous Substances in Air Program ( Figure ATM39 ). The dramatic ...
Air toxics
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality State and trends North East Coast South Western Plateau Tasmania Greater Brisbane Greater...
The living environment: Marine and terrestrial
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica Given its extreme conditions, the Antarctic has a surprising diversity of ecosystems. Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, driest and...
State and trends in indicators of marine ecosystem health
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryThis assessment summary has changed since 2011 This assessment summary combines ecological processes, physical...
Management framework
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Effectiveness of management Greater Sydney Each level of government—Australian, state and territory, and local—plays a role in managing the impacts of air pollution by...
Coastal land
2016 Report Content2016 Coasts Pressures Great Barrier Reef Antarctica Terrestrial pollution Terrestrial pollution occurs when solid or liquid waste is deposited on land or underground,...
Australian Antarctic Program’s station environment: Operation indicators
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica Although human activity across Antarctica has increased during recent decades, it remains much lower than for all other continents. Human...
