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Figure ATM3 Radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750, and aggregated uncertainties for the main drivers of climate change
2016 GraphRadiative forcing for the main drivers of climate change, and total radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750 Radiative forcing for the main drivers of climate change, and total radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750 Radiative forcingaerosols positive upper...
Effects of increased greenhouse gases
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures The growing concentrations of human-generated GHGs have resulted in an increased absorption, largely in the lower atmosphere, of the heat radiated from Earth’s surface, causing an increase in the...
Pressures affecting Australia’s climate 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceGreenhouse gases (GHGs)—carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, short-lived tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, nitrous oxide and synthetic GHGs—together with water vapour, and natural and industrial aerosols, influence Earth’s energy balance. Human activity, primarily the burning of...
Figure ATM2 Radiative forcing as a result of long-lived greenhouse gases measured by CSIRO in the Southern Hemisphere
2016 GraphRadiative forcing due to long-lived greenhouse gases, Antarctic firn and Cape Grim, 1950–2015 Radiative forcing due to long-lived greenhouse gases, Antarctic firn and Cape Grim, 1950–2015 Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol synthetic greenhouse gasesNitrous...
Increases in greenhouse gases
2016 Report Content... ). This has resulted in significant increases in positive radiative forcing, which has a warming effect on the climate ( Figure ATM2 ).
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Increased sea levels
2016 Report Content2016 Built environment Pressures South West Coast South Australian Gulf North East Coast Greater Brisbane Greater...
Pressures affecting Australia’s climate
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryClimate Pressures Direct (primary) effects of pressures on climateTrends in emissionsKyoto Protocol targetsAustralia’s emissions in contextIncreases in greenhouse gasesIndirect (secondary and tertiary) effects of pressures on...
Human influences on Antarctica
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Pressures Antarctica As detailed in the Drivers report, the key drivers of environmental change are population and economic growth. Antarctica, as the only continent...
Increased extreme weather events
2016 Report Content2016 Built environment Pressures Murray Darling North East Coast Timor Sea Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin...
Pressures affecting Antarctic marine species
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryAntarctic environment Pressures Pressures on the marine environment Antarctica Year...
Pressures on the marine environment
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Pressures Antarctica The water chemistry of the Southern Ocean appears to be changing at a faster rate than previously estimated, particularly in the deep ocean...
Risks to the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceAs for other regions, distant human activities can contribute to the key risks to the Antarctic environment, including global population, economic pressures and the effects of climate change. Management can mitigate many of the population and economic impacts, and climate change...
Climate change–induced pressures
2016 Report Content2016 Land Pressures South East Coast Murray Darling North East Coast Tasmania Lake Eyre Our...
Introduction
2016 At a glanceDrivers are the underlying natural and human-caused forces that generate the pressures on the environment. Natural drivers of environmental change include changes in Earth’s orbit, and variation in the amount of solar energy and volcanic eruptions. The human-caused drivers of change to the...
Governance
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Effectiveness of management Marine South East Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty System is the primary international governance framework for the...
Soil: Understanding
2016 Report Content2016 Land State and trends South Australian Gulf Tasmania Understanding the current state and condition of Australian soils requires an appreciation of their diversity...
Nonregulated diesel engines, including shipping and nonroad transport
2016 Report Content2016 Ambient air quality Pressures Murray Darling Greater Sydney Nonroad diesel engines and equipment are used in a wide variety of applications, including rail...
Box HER32 World Parks Congress 2014
2016 Case StudyIn 2014, the Australian and New South Wales governments joined forces with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to bring the World Parks Congress to Sydney. This was a significant investment in effort and resources to give Australia a major voice in...
Antarctic governance
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Introduction Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty and a set of related international agreements, known collectively as the Antarctic Treaty System, provide the framework...
Atmosphere
2016 Report Content2016 Coasts Pressures Greater Brisbane Great Barrier Reef Greater Sydney Indian Ocean Airborne emissions Australia’s...
Introduction
2016 At a glanceA healthy environment sustains our economy and wellbeing The environment provides significant intrinsic values to society, and many consider that the natural world has innate worth regardless of whether or not it has values that benefit humans. At a more practical level, the...
Resilience of the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceAlthough organisms living in Antarctica have evolved to cope with severe events, it is challenging to measure their level of resilience and to predict how future climate change will affect Antarctic ecosystems. This is largely because our understanding of key parameters is still...
Pressures on Antarctic historic heritage
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Pressures Antarctica The Mawson’s Huts Historic Site at Cape Denison in the AAT is Australia’s oldest and arguably most significant historic heritage site in...
Box HER31 Innovative management of local heritage—the City of Ballarat
2016 Case StudyThe City of Ballarat is a ‘goldfields’ town with many heritage places that reflect different phases of Ballarat’s development, set within a historic urban landscape and protected using the ‘heritage overlay’ provisions of the planning scheme (City of Ballarat 2016). In 2013,...
Australia’s emissions in context
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin Greater Hobart Greater Melbourne Although Australia’s emissions in...
Temperature
2016 Report Content2016 Climate State and trends Australia’s climate has warmed since national temperature records began in 1910, with mean surface air temperature showing around a 1 °C warming since then (Figure ATM18). Concurrent with...
Outlook for the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceCurrently, the Antarctic environment is still in a comparatively good condition. However, the pressures on the continent and the surrounding ocean will increase. For example, the extraction of marine resources is not only going to continue but will intensify in the future. Most...
Global importance of Antarctica
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Introduction Marine South West Marine South East Antarctica Although isolated from other continents, Antarctica is...
Heritage listings
2016 Report Content2016 Heritage Introduction Antarctica Identifying and protecting heritage places is fundamental to ensuring that they are appropriately conserved, celebrated and passed on to future generations...
The physical environment: The atmosphere—climate and weather patterns
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica The physical environment includes both the nonliving factors that characterise an ecosystem (e.g. weather patterns, ice coverage, the...
