Australia State of the Environment Report

Report Content

Ozone is a secondary pollutant formed through the interaction of VOCs (see ... oxides (NO x ; see ‘Nitrogen dioxide’). The AQI for ozone in all capital cities was deemed ‘good’ from 1999 to 2008, and remained steady during this time. Only Canberra had ozone levels that were decreasing, but this result was based on limited ...

Figure ANT6 Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes derived from AGAGE global measurements of all major ozone-depleting substances and World Meteorological Organization 2014 scenarios

2016

Graph

Figure ANT6 Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes derived from AGAGE global measurements of all major ozone-depleting substances and World Meteorological Organization 2014 scenarios Average equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for October, Antarctica, 1970–2105 Average ...

Antarctica is warming, although changes in atmospheric circulation brought about by the Antarctic ozone hole have been a temporary mitigating factor that has reduced the overall amount of warming, primarily in summer

2016

Key Finding

... in atmospheric circulation brought about by the Antarctic ozone hole have been a temporary mitigating factor that has reduced the overall ... patterns. Cooling of the lower stratosphere because of ozone depletion in spring and early summer has helped to mitigate the amount of ...

Figure ATM25d Timeseries of monthly mean concentrations of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide equivalent and tropospheric ozone; monthly median particle number concentration; and monthly median aerosol optical depth at 868 nanometres at Cape Grim under ...

2016

Graph

... carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide equivalent and tropospheric ozone; monthly median particle number concentration; and monthly median aerosol ... of the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991, as a result of stratospheric transport from the Northern Hemisphere. Figure ATM25 Timeseries ...

There is increasing evidence that the ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international controls on the use of human-made ozone depleting substances.

2016

Key Finding

There is increasing evidence that the ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international controls on the use of human-made ozone depleting substances. There is increasing evidence that the ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international ...

Approach - Atmosphere 2016

2016

Report Content

... the 2 reports. However, a few changes have been made. Stratospheric ozone, which was a component of the air quality section in SoE 2011, is ...

Figure ATM5d Column ozone levels over Hobart, January 1979–2015

2016

Graph

Hobart Figure ATM5d Column ozone levels over Hobart, January 1979–2015 Hobart Column ozone levels over Hobart, January 2003–2015 Column ozone levels over Hobart, January 2003–2015 Ozone Ozone, 5-year running mean ...

Figure ATM5b Column ozone levels over Darwin, January 1979–2015

2016

Graph

Darwin Figure ATM5b Column ozone levels over Darwin, January 1979–2015 Darwin Column ozone levels over Darwin, January 1991–2015 Column ozone levels over Darwin, January 1991–2015 Ozone Ozone, 5-year running mean ...

Figure ATM5c Column ozone levels over Brisbane, January 1979–2015

2016

Graph

Brisbane Figure ATM5c Column ozone levels over Brisbane, January 1979–2015 Brisbane Column ozone levels over Brisbane, January 1986–2015 Column ozone levels over Brisbane, January 1986–2015 Ozone Ozone, 5-year running ...

Figure ATM5a Column ozone levels over Melbourne, January 1979–2015

2016

Graph

Melbourne Figure ATM5a Column ozone levels over Melbourne, January 1979–2015 Melbourne Column ozone levels over Melbourne, January 1979–2015 Column ozone levels over Melbourne, January 1979–2015 Ozone Ozone, 5-year running ...

Figure ANT5 Map of the total-column amount of ozone in the atmosphere on 24 September 2006, as measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura polar-orbiting satellite

2016

Map

Figure ANT5 Map of the total-column amount of ozone in the atmosphere on 24 September 2006, as measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura polar-orbiting satellite A drawing ...

Australia’s emissions in context

2016

Report Content

... per person, 2013 Australia’s emissions in context Box ATM2 Stratospheric ozone The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that begins at an ...

State and trends of the Antarctic environment 2016

2016

At a glance

... circulation as a result of stratosphere cooling through ozone depletion and increasing levels of carbon dioxide, and variability in the ... of the oceans. Most notably, there is strong evidence that stratospheric ozone depletion associated with the Antarctic ozone hole has ...

Figure ANT7 October monthly average total-column ozone values for Halley Station, 1957–2015

2016

Graph

Figure ANT7 October monthly average total-column ozone values for Halley Station, 1957–2015 Average total-column ozone values for October, Halley Station, 1957-2015 Average total-column ...

ATM36a Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities

2016

Graph

... 4-hour averages ATM36a Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities a) maximum 4-hour averages Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities Annual average maximum 4-hour ...

Regional cities' scorecard for ozone NEPM 4-hour standard, based on analysis of air quality index values, 1998-2014

2016, 2011

Assessment summary

Regional cities' scorecard for ozone NEPM 4-hour standard, based on analysis of air quality index values, 1998-2014 Regional cities' scorecard for ozone NEPM 4-hour standard, based on analysis of air quality index values, ... between reporting cycles. Regional cities’ score card for ozone (four-hour) NEPM standard, based on analysis of air quality index values, ...

Metropolitan cities' scorecard for ozone (four-hour) NEPM standard, based on analysis of air quality index values 1999-2014

2016, 2011

Assessment summary

Metropolitan cities' scorecard for ozone (four-hour) NEPM standard, based on analysis of air quality index values 1999-2014 Metropolitan cities' scorecard for ozone (four-hour) NEPM standard, based on analysis of air quality index values ... reporting cycles. Metropolitan cities’ score card for ozone (four-hour) NEPM standard, based on analysis of air quality index values, ...

Figure ATM25b Monthly mean concentration of tropospheric ozone at Cape Grim, 1982–2015

2016

Graph

... Figure ATM25b Monthly mean concentration of tropospheric ozone at Cape Grim, 1982–2015 b Monthly mean concentration of tropospheric ozone at Cape Grim, 1982–2015 Monthly mean concentration of tropospheric ...

Figure ATM3 Radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750, and aggregated uncertainties for the main drivers of climate change

2016

Graph

... dioxide 1.82 0.19 Methane 0.55 0.1 Synthetic gases 0.36 0.04 Stratospheric ozone -0.05 Tropospheric ozone 0.4 0.2 Nitrous oxide 0.17 0.03 Solar irradiance ...

State and trends of the Antarctic atmosphere

2016, 2011

Assessment summary

... environment: The atmosphere—climate and weather patterns Stratospheric temperature (tropopause to stratopause; 10–50 km in polar ... in spring and summer because of the annual formation of the ozone hole Year(s): 2016 2 Deteriorating Confidence (in grade): Adequate ...

Pressures affecting Australia’s climate 2016

2016

At a glance

... dioxide (CO 2 ), methane, short-lived tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, nitrous oxide and synthetic GHGs—together with water vapour, and ...

Executive Summary - Antarctic environment

2016

Executive Summary

... gases, and cooling of the stratosphere, mainly from ozone depletion. Human activity is putting pressure on fisheries in the ... example, although research has identified a link between the ozone hole and changes in atmospheric circulation over Antarctica, the response ...

Antarctic environment: 2011–16 in context

2016

Introduction

Report Content

... Turner et al. 2014 ). Further indications of improvement in stratospheric ozone levels above Antarctica in spring and summer are emerging, although ...

The physical environment: The atmosphere—climate and weather patterns

2016

Report Content

... of rocks, anthropogenic emissions that deplete ozone in the atmosphere). The physical environment: The atmosphere—climate ... 2006 ; Box ANT2 ), which is, in turn, influenced by stratospheric ozone depletion and greenhouse gas changes ( Box ANT3 ). ... during summer and autumn have been linked to depletion of stratospheric ozone because of the Antarctic ozone hole (which has promoted ...

Figure ATM36b Ozone concentrations, major cities, 1999–2014: a) maximum 4-hour averages; b) 95th percentile 4-hour averages

2016

Graph

b) 95th percentile 4-hour averages Figure ATM36b Ozone concentrations, major cities, 1999–2014: a) maximum 4-hour averages; b) ... 4-hour averages Annual average 95th percentile 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities Annual average 95th ...

Overview of state and trends of the Antarctic environment

2016

Report Content

... extent, but some areas are showing rapid decline. The ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international ... al. 2009 , Turner et al. 2014 ). There are indications that stratospheric ozone levels above Antarctica in spring and summer have improved, ...

Human influences on Antarctica

2016

Report Content

... gases have damaged the vital natural sunscreen provided by ozone in the Antarctic stratosphere, human-made carbon dioxide has increased ... gases have damaged the vital natural sunscreen provided by ozone in the Antarctic stratosphere, human-made CO 2 has increased the acidity ...

Pressures affecting ambient air quality

2016, 2011

Assessment summary

... and indirect impacts of volatile organic compounds, NOx, ozone and particulates; localised impacts near ‘hot spots’ such as heavily ... Atmosphere-Ambient air quality, Pressures affecting stratospheric ozone, ambient air quality and indoor air quality Submitted by ...

Global importance of Antarctica

2016

Introduction

Report Content

... has been shielded from the effects of global warming by the ozone thinning commonly known as the ‘ozone hole’ ( Perlwitz et al. 2008 ... J, Pawson S, Fogt RL, Nielsen JE & Neff WD (2008). Impact of stratospheric ozone hole recovery on Antarctic climate. Geophysical Research ...

Effects of increased greenhouse gases

2016