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State and trends of the Antarctic atmosphere
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryAntarctic environment State and trends The physical environment: The atmosphere—climate and weather patterns Antarctica...
Approach - Atmosphere 2016
2016 Report Content... the 2 reports.
However, a few changes have been made. Stratospheric ozone, which was a component of the air quality section in SoE 2011, is ...
Australia’s emissions in context
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures Greater Brisbane Greater Darwin Greater Hobart Greater Melbourne Although Australia’s emissions in...
The physical environment: The atmosphere—climate and weather patterns
2016 Report Content... of rocks, anthropogenic emissions that deplete ozone in the atmosphere).
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Antarctica is warming, although changes in atmospheric circulation brought about by the Antarctic ozone hole have been a temporary mitigating factor that has reduced the overall amount of warming, primarily in summer
2016 Key Finding2016During the past half-century, western Antarctic surface temperatures have shown general warming trends, with significant regional patterns. Cooling of the lower stratosphere because of ozone depletion in spring and early summer has helped to mitigate the amount of warming during the...
State and trends of the Antarctic environment 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceThe physical and chemical components of the Antarctic environment are changing. The Antarctic surface and lower atmosphere are warming, with the strongest temperature increases in the Antarctic Peninsula region and West Antarctica. Part of the warming is because of global...
Figure ANT6 Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes derived from AGAGE global measurements of all major ozone-depleting substances and World Meteorological Organization 2014 scenarios
2016 GraphAverage equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for October, Antarctica, 1970–2105 Average equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine for October, Antarctica, 1970–2105 World Meteorological Organization 2014 scenariosAGAGE Antarctic measures of major ozone...
Figure ATM3 Radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750, and aggregated uncertainties for the main drivers of climate change
2016 GraphRadiative forcing for the main drivers of climate change, and total radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750 Radiative forcing for the main drivers of climate change, and total radiative forcing in 2011 relative to 1750 Radiative forcingaerosols positive upper...
Pressures affecting Australia’s climate 2016
2016 At a glanceAt a glanceGreenhouse gases (GHGs)—carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, short-lived tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, nitrous oxide and synthetic GHGs—together with water vapour, and natural and industrial aerosols, influence Earth’s energy balance. Human activity, primarily the burning of...
Antarctic environment: 2011–16 in context
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Introduction Antarctica Since 2011, the Antarctic environment has continued to respond to global pressures from human activity. As is the case in other regions of the...
Executive Summary - Antarctic environment
2016 Executive SummaryAntarctic environment 2016This report mainly focuses on the environment of areas administered by Australia (the Australian Antarctic Territory, and the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands), subantarctic Macquarie Island (which is part of Tasmania)...
Overview of state and trends of the Antarctic environment
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica What has changed since 2011? Antarctic sea ice has shown a general increase in overall extent, but some areas are showing rapid decline....
Human influences on Antarctica
2016 Report Content... gases have damaged the vital natural sunscreen provided by ozone in the Antarctic stratosphere, human-made carbon dioxide has increased ...
Effects of increased greenhouse gases
2016 Report Content2016 Climate Pressures The growing concentrations of human-generated GHGs have resulted in an increased absorption, largely in the lower atmosphere, of the heat radiated from Earth’s surface, causing an increase in the...
Global importance of Antarctica
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment Introduction Marine South West Marine South East Antarctica Although isolated from other continents, Antarctica is...
Effectiveness of atmospheric management
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryAmbient air quality Effectiveness of management Management of sources of pollutionManagement frameworkIndoor air quality...
Ozone
2016 Report Content Ozone is a secondary pollutant formed through the interaction of VOCs (see ... oxides (NO x ; see ‘Nitrogen dioxide’). The AQI for ozone in all capital cities was deemed ‘good’ from 1999 to 2008, and remained steady during this time. Only Canberra had ozone levels that were decreasing, but this result was based on limited ...
The physical environment: The Southern Ocean
2016 Report Content2016 Antarctic environment State and trends Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean is changing in ways that are likely to affect regional and global climate, and marine productivity (...
Figure ATM25d Timeseries of monthly mean concentrations of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide equivalent and tropospheric ozone; monthly median particle number concentration; and monthly median aerosol optical depth at 868 nanometres at Cape Grim under ...
2016 Graphd Monthly median aerosol optical depth at 868 nanometres at Cape Grim, 1996–2015 Monthly median aerosol optical depth at 868 nanometres at Cape Grim, 1996–2015 MonthlymedianAerosolOpticalDepth(AOD) 01/19860.076446957 02/19860.06693375 03/19860.053308571...
Figure ANT5 Map of the total-column amount of ozone in the atmosphere on 24 September 2006, as measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura polar-orbiting satellite
2016 MapDownload as png DU = dobson unit (thickness of the ozone layer measured in 0.01 millimetre steps at standard temperature and pressure)Note: On 24 September 2006, the area of the ozone hole within the 220 DU contour was the largest observed in any year of observations.Source: Data...
Figure ATM5d Column ozone levels over Hobart, January 1979–2015
2016 GraphHobart Column ozone levels over Hobart, January 2003–2015 Column ozone levels over Hobart, January 2003–2015 OzoneOzone, 5-year running mean 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994...
Metropolitan cities' scorecard for ozone (four-hour) NEPM standard, based on analysis of air quality index values 1999-2014
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryThis assessment summary component has changed from 2011. This assessment summary was previously assessed for the years 1999-2008 The original 2011 summary, grade, trend and confidence levels have been replicated here to assist comparison of changes between reporting cycles. ...
Figure ATM5b Column ozone levels over Darwin, January 1979–2015
2016 GraphDarwin Column ozone levels over Darwin, January 1991–2015 Column ozone levels over Darwin, January 1991–2015 OzoneOzone, 5-year running mean 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991247.832 1992256.451...
Regional cities' scorecard for ozone NEPM 4-hour standard, based on analysis of air quality index values, 1998-2014
2016, 2011 Assessment summaryThis assessment summary component has changed from 2011. The assessment summary in 2011 was assessed for the years 1999-2008 The original 2011 summary, grade, trend and confidence levels have been replicated here to assist comparison of changes between reporting cycles....
Figure ATM5c Column ozone levels over Brisbane, January 1979–2015
2016 GraphBrisbane Column ozone levels over Brisbane, January 1986–2015 Column ozone levels over Brisbane, January 1986–2015 OzoneOzone, 5-year running mean 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986267.857 1987267.416 1988271.377270.87 1989277....
Figure ATM5a Column ozone levels over Melbourne, January 1979–2015
2016 GraphMelbourne Column ozone levels over Melbourne, January 1979–2015 Column ozone levels over Melbourne, January 1979–2015 OzoneOzone, 5-year running mean 1978 1979281.677 1980288.947 1981283.477285.112 1982284.842286.456 1983285.805 1984288.395284.403...
Figure ANT7 October monthly average total-column ozone values for Halley Station, 1957–2015
2016 GraphAverage total-column ozone values for October, Halley Station, 1957-2015 Average total-column ozone values for October, Halley Station, 1957-2015 Column ozone 1957322 1958306 1959303 1960293 1961309 1962323 1963301 1964310 1965274 1966308...
Figure ATM36b Ozone concentrations, major cities, 1999–2014: a) maximum 4-hour averages; b) 95th percentile 4-hour averages
2016 Graphb) 95th percentile 4-hour averages Annual average 95th percentile 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities Annual average 95th percentile 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities MelbourneSydneyBrisbanePerthCanberra 19990.04450....
There is increasing evidence that the ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international controls on the use of human-made ozone depleting substances.
2016 Key Finding2016There is increasing evidence that the ozone layer is starting to recover as a direct consequence of international controls on the use of human-made ozone depleting substances.
ATM36a Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities
2016 Grapha) maximum 4-hour averages Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities Annual average maximum 4-hour ozone concentration in major Australian cities MelbourneSydneyBrisbanePerthCanberra 19990.0680.082750.0953333330.080.063...
