Traffic is greatly affected by pressures from population and economic growth, unless there is a significant decline in car use per person. Any associated traffic increase is, in turn, its own pressure on urban amenity and livability.
Population and economic growth also drive consumption, causing increased demand for resources, particularly land (see Increased urban footprint), energy and water.
Population trends, urbanisation and residential shifts to high-risk areas will intersect with climate change to increase Australian’s exposure to natural hazards (Australian Government 2015b).
Changes in sea level are pressuring coastal locations. Coastal infrastructure is affected, and, when the sea encroaches further onto the land, space for development is reduced.
Coleman S (2016). Built environment: Topics. In: Australia state of the environment 2016, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra, https://soe.environment.gov.au/theme/built-environment/topics?framework=106, DOI 10.4226/94/58b65a5037ed8