As was emphasised in previous SoE reports (e.g. SoE 2011), coastal management in Australia is carried out using a range of approaches by multiple levels of government.
2016
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is the process for managing all coastal issues in a framework integrated across biota and habitats, time and space, and levels of government.
2016
Cumulative impacts management is the process of determining the desired future state of an ecosystem, and how this will be achieved through control of developments that may have direct, indirect or interactive impacts on that ecosystem (
2016
Authorities charged with managing the coast are increasingly adopting risk-based methods to inform decision-making.
2016
There have been some recent developments in the approach and tools for coastal management, including emerging analytical methods for decision-making, and conservation at multiple levels of biodiversity.
2016
Clark GF, Johnston EL (2016). Coasts: Topics. In: Australia state of the environment 2016, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra, https://soe.environment.gov.au/theme/coasts/topics?framework=116, DOI 10.4226/94/58b659bdc758b